Cowpea is a nutritious legume that provides a balanced source of carbohydrates and protein essential for nutritional security.
It contains about 61.8 g of carbohydrates, 23.8 g of protein, and 2.07 g of fat per 100 grams of seeds .
Cowpeas' high dietary fiber content (34 g, of which 29.8 g is insoluble fiber) supports blood glucose control and gut health .
Cowpeas are primarily composed of starch and contain a lower lipid profile, in which approximately 70.7% of the total fat is unsaturated, contributing to heart health.
Additionally, resistant starch and amylose aid digestion by slowing glucose release into the bloodstream, which helps decrease glucose absorption in the intestines .
Compared with other starch sources, cowpeas offer a glycemic index, thus lower digestibility, which can help reduce insulin responses and hunger . In addition, they are also rich in essential nutrients like phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and vitamins A and C and folate .
Cowpea also contains beneficial phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds and flavonoids, that support various health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties .
Medicinally, the leaves and pods are used for ailments like measles while the seeds have diuretic properties.
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